PASSIVE
VOICE
Passive Voice (Kalimat Pasif) adalah kalimat yang subject-nya dikenai suatu pekerjaan atau
menderita suatu. Dengan kata lain subject kalimat tersebut menjadi
sasaran kegiatan yang dinyatakan oleh kata kerja. Dalam bahasa indonesia
ciri-ciri kalimat pasif adalah kata kerjanya yang berawalan dengan “di-“ dan beberapa lagi memiliki awalan
“ter-“ (tergantung pada konteks
kalimat).
Formula & Examples :
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Simple Present & Simple Past
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Present Progresive & Past
Progresive
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Simple Present :
S
+ To Be(is/am/are) + V3 (Past Participle)
Examples :
Tina is helped by Jane.
A
novel is bought by him.
Simple Past :
S
+ To Be(was/were) + V3
Examples :
Tina was helped by Jane.
A
novel was bought by him.
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Present Progresive :
S
+ To Be(is/am/are) + Being + V3
Examples :
Tina is being helped by
Jane.
A
novel is being bought by him.
Past Progresive :
S
+ To Be(was/were) + Being + V3
Examples :
Tina was being helped by
Jane.
A
novel was being bought by him.
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Present Perfect & Past Perfect
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Present Perfect :
S
+ To Be(has/have) + Been + V3
Examples :
Tina has been helped by
Jane.
A
novel has been bought by him.
Past Perfect :
S
+ To Be(had) + Been + V3
Examples :
Tina had been helped by
Jane.
A
novel had been bought by him.
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CAUSATIVE VERBS
Causative verb
yaitu menunjukkan bahwa seseorang/sesuatu secara tidak langsung bertanggung
jawab terhadap sebuah tindakan. Subjek tidak melakukan tindakan itu sendiri,
tetapi justru menyebabkan seseorang/sesuatu yang lain melakukannya.
Formula
& Examples :
Let
1.
Mean : This construction means "to
allow someone to do something."
2.
Formula : [let + person + verb]
3.
Examples : John let me drive his new car.
I
don't know if my boss will let me take the day off.
Make
1. Mean : This
construction means "to force someone to do something."
2. Formula : [make
+ person + verb]
3.
Examples
: My teacher made me apologize for what I had said.
She made her children do their
homework.
Have
1. Mean : This
construction means "to give someone the responsibility to do
something."
2. Formula : [have
+ person + verb]
3. Examples
: Dr. Smith had his nurse take the patient's
temperature.
Please have your secretary fax
me the information.
Get
1. Mean : This
construction usually means "to convince to do something" or "to
trick someone into doing something."
2. Formula : [get
+ person + to + verb]
3. Examples
: Susie got her son to take the medicine even though it
tasted terrible.
The government TV commercials
are trying to get people to stop smoking.
RELATIVE
PRONOUNS
Relative Pronoun
( Kata Ganti Penghubung ) digunakan
untuk menggabungkan Induk Kalimat dan Anak Kalimat yang sama subyek maupun
obyeknya. Sebagaimana kita tahu bahwa dalam Bahasa Inggris tidak ada satu kata
khusus yang dapat di gunakan sebagai kata penghubung dengan arti yang dalam
Bahasa Indonesia. Maka dalam hal ini kita akan menggunakan kata – kata : who,
whom, whose, which, that sebagai kata ganti penghubung ( = Yang )
Formula
& Examples :
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Relative Pronoun
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Fungsi
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Digunakan untuk
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Arti
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Contoh Kalimat
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Who
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Sebagai Subject
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Menerangkan Noun - Orang
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Yang
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The man who speaks English
every day is my grand father.
(Artinya: Pria yang
berbicara bahasa inggris setiap hari itu adalah kakek saya.)
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|
The Man is my grandfather.
He speaks English every day.
The man who speaks English every day is my
grand father.
Who disebut sebagai Subject Pronoun (seperti penggunaan: I, he, she, etc), dan pada contoh kalimat tabel di atas:
Who merupakan subject dari verb = speaks serta memperkenalkan Adjective Clause yang menerangkan subject = The man.
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Relative Pronoun
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Fungsi
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Digunakan untuk
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Arti
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Contoh Kalimat
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Whom
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Sebagai Object
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Menerangkan Noun - Orang
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Yang
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The woman whom you kissed last
night is my sister.
(Artinya: Perempuan
yang kamu cium tadi malam adalah adik saya.)
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The Woman is my sister.
You kissed her last night.
The woman whom you kissed last night is my
sister.
Whom disebut sebagai Object Pronoun (seperti penggunaan: me, his, her, etc), dan pada contoh kalimat di atas:
Whom merupakan object dari verb =
kissed serta memperkenalkan Adjective
Clause yang menerangkan subject
= The woman.
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Relative Pronoun
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Fungsi
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Digunakan untuk
|
Arti
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Contoh Kalimat
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Which
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Subject / Object
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Menerangkan Noun - Benda /
Binatang
|
Yang
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The movie which we saw last
night was very good.
(Artinya: Film yang
kita lihat tadi malam sangat bagus.)
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The movie was very good.
We saw it last night.
The movie which we saw last night was very
good.
(which digunakan karena
mewakili the movie = it = kata benda)
Pada contoh kalimat di atas:
Which merupakan object
dari verb = saw serta memperkenalkan Adjective Clause yang menerangkan subject = The movie.
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Relative Pronoun
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Fungsi
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Digunakan untuk
|
Arti
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Contoh Kalimat
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Whose
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Kepemilikan
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Menerangkan Noun - Orang
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Yang - nya
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I know the man whose bicycle
was stolen.
(Artinya: Saya kenal
dengan pria yang sepedanya dicuri.)
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I know the man.
His bicycle was stolen.
I know the man whose bicycle was stolen.
Whose digunakan untuk menunjukkan kepemilikan. Whose juga mempunyai arti yang sama
seperti layaknya penggunaan my, our,
their, etc.
His bicycle = whose bicycle
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Relative Pronoun
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Fungsi
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Digunakan untuk
|
Arti
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Contoh Kalimat
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That
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Subject / Object
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Menerangkan Noun – Orang,
Benda, dan Binatang
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Yang
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The car that I bought 3 years
ago has been stolen by my own brother.
(Artinya: Mobil yang
saya beli 3 tahun yang lalu telah dicuri oleh adik saya sendiri.)
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I thanked the woman that
helped me.
(Artinya: Saya
berterima kasih kepada wanita yang menolong saya.)
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The car has been stolen by my own brother.
I bought it 3 years ago.
The car that I bought 3 years ago has been
stolen by my own brother.
Pada contoh kalimat di atas:
That merupakan object
dari verb = bought serta memperkenalkan Adjective Clause yang menerangkan subject = The car.
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I thanked woman.
She helped me.
I thanked the woman that helped me
Pada contoh kalimat di atas:
That merupakan subject
dari verb= helped serta memperkenalkan Adjective Clause yang menerangkan subject = The woman.
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CATATAN
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Dalam percakapan sehari-hari:
Sebagai Subject Pronoun, who lebih umum digunakan daripada that.
Sebagai Subject Pronoun, that lebih umum digunakan daripada
which.
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Dalam percakapan yang
sangat formal, prepositions digunakan
sebelum adjective clause. Contohnya:
She is the woman
I told you about her
She is the woman about whom I told you.
Biasanya dalam
percakapan sehari-hari, prepositions
digunakan setelah subject dan verb (kata kerja) dari adjective clause.
Contohnya:
The music was good
We listened to it last
night
The music which we listened to last night was good.
The music that we listened to last night was good.
Jika prepositions berada diawal dari adjective clause, hanya whom
atau which
yang boleh digunakan. Prepositions
tidak pernah langsung diikuti dengan that atau who.
DAFTAR
PUSTAKA
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